Dans "La Société contre l'État", Pierre Clastres conteste cette assimilation du politique à l'étatique : il montre que le pouvoir politique ne revêt pas nécessairement la forme coercitive de l'État et il se propose d'en redéfinir le champ.
On a cru reconnaître dans ces sociétés une organisation "non" ou "pré"-politique. L'existence de sociétés sans État est établie depuis les récits des premiers explorateurs du Nouveau Monde. Thus, this article sheds light on the needs for contextual and communicative actions to overcome contrasting onto‐epistemologies in the context of the state. Yet, for actual individual or collective experiences, new types of evidence work can emerge in collaborations. Our two cases show how in state territorial protection debates and health services, visibility, quantification, measurability, Euro‐American dominant, mainly binary, and bounded concepts are employed to create the grounds of validity. This article looks at negotiations with state authorities and the evidentiary criteria they create in culturally contrasting contexts when phenomena deal with elements that for the dominant society are conceptualized as “supernatural.” We draw from the level of experiences of other‐than‐human beings, especially spirits and “ungraspable” presences, as social practices in and of themselves as well as acts of mobilizing those which are meaningful for knowledge production in Indigenous Amazonia and North European contexts.
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